The Meadow Bunting (Emberiza cioides) is a small bird of the bunting family, widely distributed throughout Japan. It measures about 16–17 cm in length and weighs around 20–25 g. Slender in build, it is notable for its clearly defined facial markings.
A resident or partial migrant, it is commonly observed from lowlands to mountainous areas in open fields, farmland, and forest edges, and can often be seen near human settlements. Adult males display striking black-and-white facial patterns, while females show a softer, less contrasting appearance.
They forage on the ground or among low shrubs, feeding primarily on grass seeds and insects. In the breeding season, insects make up a greater portion of their diet.
From spring through summer, they build cup-shaped nests of dry grass at the base of shrubs or within grassy cover, laying several eggs. The female incubates, while the male often assists with vigilance and sometimes feeding the chicks.
The Meadow Bunting’s song is notably melodious, a rhythmic series of notes such as “chi-chi, chun-chun, chuririri.” During spring and summer, males sing frequently to defend their territories. Relatively tolerant of humans, many individuals will continue singing even at close range, offering birdwatchers an intimate experience.